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Mahmud Dramali Pasha
Mahmud Pasha, called Dramalı ((ギリシア語:Μαχμούτ πασάς Δράμαλης), Drama c. 1780 - Corinth, 26 October 1822) was a ''Beyzade'',〔from Persian/Arabic, "a prince without the right of succession to the () Throne", a title given to the son of the daughter or sister of the Ottoman Sultan.〕 an Ottoman Vizier, ''Serdar-ı Ekrem'',〔from Persian/Arabic, "Generous Lord", a title given to viziers who acted as commanders-in-chief of an army.〕 Pasha and governor (''Wali'') of Larissa, Drama and the Morea. In 1822, he was tasked with suppressing the Greek War of Independence, but was defeated and died shortly after.
==Early life and career==
Mahmud Pasha was born in 1780 in Drama, from where he got his nickname. He came from a distinguished family of Albanian origin: His maternal grandfather was Sultan Ahmed III by his mother ; Zeynep Sultan, thus his paternal grandfather Husain Agha was a ''Çorbaci'' of the Janissaries and governor of Kavala, while his father Halil Mehmed Bey was the "Silahtarağası" of Sultan Selim III, after commanded an Albanian regiment in Egypt against Napoleon. Husain Agha was also the maternal uncle of Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt, making Mahmud the latter's nephew, and also a cousin of Ibrahim Pasha, who would also lead an expedition in Greece in 18251828.
Mahmud was raised and educated at the Topkapi Palace of Sultan Selim III at Istanbul. He participated in various campaigns throughout the Empire, rising to the post of Vizier and acquiring significant military skills. Enjoying the patronage of the Valide Sultan, he was eventually posted in his home province of Drama, succeeding his father Halil as governor. In 1820 he was Pasha of Larissa and participated in the army of Hursid Pasha that was operating against the rebel Ali Pasha Tepelenli of Yannina.〔Finlay, pp. 95-99〕
In the summer 1821, as the Greek uprising began, he crushed the first rebellions by Greeks in the Agrafa and Mount Pelion regions,〔Finlay, pp. 242-249〕 and after the disgrace and suicide of Hursid, took over as ''Mora Valisi'', with the task of destroying the Greek revolt in its heart, the Morea. He assembled a well-equipped army of well over 20,000 men, a huge force by Balkan standards, and the largest Ottoman army to enter Greece since the Ottoman invasion of the Morea in 1715. These comprised among others ca. 8,000 cavalry, predominantly from Macedonia and Thrace, and several thousand veterans of the campaign against Ali Pasha.〔Finlay, p. 350〕
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